An electrocardiogram test is widely recognised for its accuracy and ability to detect various heart conditions effectively. However, it's important to recognise that several other diagnostic methods exist to detect heart problems.

In this guide, we'll explore why the electrocardiogram test is often considered the best for assessing heart health, along with an overview of other tests available and their respective merits.

Tests to Check for Heart Disease

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

An electrocardiogram, commonly known as an ECG , is a non invasive test that measures the electrical activity of the heart. It records the heart's rhythm and can detect abnormalities such as irregular heartbeats and signs of previous heart attacks.

An electrocardiogram (ECG) works by measuring the electrical activity generated by the heart as it contracts and relaxes. This electrical activity is detected by electrodes, typically placed on the skin of the chest, arms, and legs. The electrodes pick up the electrical signals produced by the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinoatrial node, as it initiates each heartbeat and spreads throughout the heart muscle, causing it to contract in a coordinated manner.

By identifying subtle electrical disturbances, ECGs help healthcare professionals intervene proactively, potentially preventing life-threatening events such as sudden cardiac arrest. Through its non invasive nature and comprehensive insights into cardiac function, the ECG stands as a cornerstone in modern cardiology.

Echocardiogram (ultrasound)

An echocardiogram is a non-invasive test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function. It provides detailed information about the heart's chambers, valves, and pumping ability. This test helps diagnose conditions such as heart valve diseases, heart failure, and congenital heart defects.

An echocardiogram works by utilising the principles of ultrasound technology to create detailed images of the heart's structure and function. During the test, a small hand-held device called a transducer emits high-frequency sound waves that penetrate through the chest and bounce off the various structures within the heart.

These sound waves then return to the transducer, which converts them into electrical signals. The signals are processed by a computer to generate real-time images of the heart on a monitor. Once processed, these real-time images provide detailed insights into the heart's structure and function.

Blood pressure monitoring

Blood pressure monitoring involves measuring the force of blood against the walls of the arteries. High blood pressure (hypertension) is a risk factor for heart disease, so regular blood pressure monitoring is essential for early detection and management of hypertension.

Blood pressure monitoring either involves the use of a sphygmomanometer, which consists of an inflatable cuff wrapped around the upper arm and either a manual or electronic pressure gauge. The cuff is inflated to temporarily stop blood flow in the arteries and then slowly deflated while a healthcare professional listens for the sound of blood flow using a stethoscope or an electronic machine provides a digital reading.

The pressure at which the sound first appears (systolic pressure) and disappears (diastolic pressure) provides important measurements of the force exerted by blood against the arterial walls during heart contraction and relaxation. These measurements, recorded in millimetres of mercury (mmHg), help assess cardiovascular health and detect conditions such as hypertension.

Chest X-ray

A chest X-ray is a diagnostic test that produces images of the heart, lungs, and surrounding structures. While primarily used to detect lung conditions, it can also provide valuable information about the heart's size, shape, and position. Chest X-rays may reveal signs of heart enlargement, fluid buildup in the lungs (pulmonary oedema), or other cardiac abnormalities. This information helps healthcare professionals diagnose and monitor various cardiovascular conditions.

Coronary angiogram

A coronary angiogram is a procedure that involves injecting a contrast dye into the coronary arteries to visualise blood flow within the heart. It is used to diagnose blockages or narrowing in the coronary arteries, which can lead to conditions such as coronary artery disease and heart attacks.

By identifying such obstructions, which can result from conditions like coronary artery disease, healthcare professionals can accurately diagnose the severity of arterial blockages and determine the appropriate course of treatment.

Stress Tests

Stress tests are diagnostic procedures used to evaluate the heart's response to physical exertion or pharmacological stress. These tests help assess cardiovascular function, detect coronary artery disease, evaluate exercise tolerance, and identify abnormal heart rhythms.

Exercise stress test

An exercise stress test, also known as a treadmill test or exercise ECG, evaluates how your heart performs during physical activity. You'll be asked to walk on a treadmill or pedal a stationary bike while your heart rate, blood pressure, and ECG are monitored. This test helps diagnose coronary artery disease, assess exercise tolerance, and identify abnormal heart rhythms triggered by exertion.

Stress echocardiogram (stress echo)

A stress echocardiogram combines an echocardiogram with exercise or medication-induced stress to evaluate heart function and blood flow under stress conditions. Ultrasound images of the heart are obtained before and after stress testing to assess changes in heart muscle function and blood flow, helping diagnose coronary artery disease and evaluate heart valve function.

Nuclear cardiac stress test

A nuclear cardiac stress test, also called myocardial perfusion imaging or SPECT imaging, involves injecting a small amount of radioactive tracer into the bloodstream to visualise blood flow to the heart muscle. Images of the heart are captured at rest and during stress (usually induced by exercise or medication). This test helps detect areas of reduced blood flow to the heart, indicating coronary artery disease or heart muscle damage.

Is There a Blood Test for Heart Disease?

Several blood tests can also provide valuable information about heart health and help in the diagnosis of heart disease:

• Lipid rofile: Measures cholesterol and triglyceride levels, crucial indicators of cardiovascular risk.
• High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP): Detects inflammation linked to heightened heart disease risk.
• Natriuretic Peptides (BNP and NT-proBNP): Identifies heart stress or failure by assessing peptide levels released in response to cardiac strain.
• Troponin: Signals heart muscle damage, particularly useful in diagnosing acute coronary syndromes like heart attacks.
• Blood Glucose: Reflects diabetes risk, a significant contributor to heart disease development and progression.
• Electrolytes: Monitors balance, ensuring optimal heart function and rhythm stability.

These blood tests, along with other diagnostic tools like imaging studies and electrocardiograms, play a crucial role in assessing heart health, identifying risk factors, and guiding treatment decisions for people with or at risk of heart disease.

Take Control of Your Heart Health

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• Heart Rhythm (ECG test)
• Heart Disease & Stroke Risk
• Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

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